Shakespeare’s Life
When and where was Shakespeare born? Shakespeare was baptized on the 23 of April 1564. We do not know
when he was born
Describe his up bringing and education. Shakespeare went to school at a free grammar school in Stratford.
His father John Shakespeare and mother Mary were Glovers. He grew up in a
family of eight.
What were the four types of plays he
wrote? Shakespeare wrote histories, tragedies, romances and comedies.
Where were the plays performed
and by whom? Traditionally, Shakespeare's plays
were performed at the Black Friar and Globe theatres in London, England. The
Globe burned down, twice I believe, but has been rebuilt. A replica of the
Globe is in Stratford, Ontario, Canada, and the plays are performed there year
round.
Besides writing plays, what skills made
Shakespeare a ‘Jack of all trades?” He had
remarkable run of success as a merchant, alderman and a high bailiff. He was
also and actor, poem writer, the owner of a playhouse, etc.
When and where did Shakespeare die? Shakespeare died on the 23 of April 1616 at Stratford-upon-Avon,
Warwickshire, England.
Why do you think we read Shakespeare’s
works today? I think we read Shakespeare works
today because his works we can relate to in our lives and are about normal
life. His plays are about Ambition, jealousy,
love, family tension, betrayal and murder.
What words did Shakespeare invent or
“coin”?
These are some of the words Shakespeare
invented out of 1,700 words:
aerial
amazement
apostrophe
assassination
baseless
bloody
bump
eventful
generous
gloomy
gnarled
hurry
invulnerable
laughable
lonely
majestic
road
These
are some of the words he “coin”:
all that glitters isn’t gold
be all and end all
catch a cold
clothes make the man
disgraceful conduct
fair play
green eyed monster
heartsick
hot-blooded
Elizabethan
Period
Who is Queen Elizabeth 1 and for how
long did she rule? Queen Elizabeth is the daughter
of king Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. She was born on the 7
September 1533 at Greenwich Palace. She ruled from 1558-1603.
Who ruled England after she died? James I of Scotland ruled after Queen Elizabeth?
Give the approximate dates of the
Elizabethan period. The Elizabethan period was
approximately 1558-1603.
Identify the social classes of
Shakespeare’s time. What was a peasant? What is a noble? A peasant is a poor farmer that has a small piece of land. In
society they would be a low class. A noble is a person of noble rank and birth.
They would be high in society.
What were the common punishments for
crime? When people committed a crime they would be
tortured using:
The rack
The Scavenger’s Daughter
The collar
The Iron Maiden
Branding Irons
Assorted instrument designed to
inflicted pain
What is the bubonic plague and how did
it effect the Elizabethan period? The bubonic
plague was a plague that went around a was contagious and very deadly. The bubonic pelage effected the Elizabethan period because it killed
lots of people and people were rejected by job if they were thought to have the
disease
What were the sanitation and health
conditions like? The serious lack of sanitation in Elizabethan England, especially in big cities, gave rise to many
diseases endangering the lives of the many people in England.
What is “primogeniture”? Primogeniture is the state of being the firstborn child.
What type of education did Queen
Elizabeth receive? Princess Elizabeth was an
extremely bright child and a great deal of attention was paid to her education.
The Education of Elizabeth was greatly enhanced by her opportunities to share
the tutors of her half-brother Edward, who often resided in the same household
in Hatfield. Many of these tutors were the brightest minds from Cambridge
University
What kinds of enjoyment did queen
Elisabeth enjoy? Elizabeth loved hunting and riding
horses.
Intellectual & Religions
Describe the four Elements thought to
compose the Universe. Earth, wind/air, fire and
water were thought to compose the universe.
Describe the four humors and their
Relationship to personality. The four humors are
Melancholic, Choleric, Phlegmatic and Sanguine.
What was the relationship between the
humors and illnesses? A humor is your bodily
fluids. It was believed that if your body fluids had something different to
normal you would get an illness.
What types of medicine were used in the
Elizabethan age and by whom was it dispensed?
People mostly used home remedies of herbs and plants rather than going to a
doctor. Leaches and cupping was used for blood. For the bubonic plague butter,
garlic and onion was used.
What was the main religion? The major religions were catholic and protestant.
What changes were taking place? There was a change in religion taking place. Describe the “Chain
of beings” believed in by Shakespeare and his contemporaries and find graphic
that matches your description. The chain of beings
was thought to be a vertical chain, which showed an objects “place” dependent
on the relative proportion of “spirit” and “matter” in contained. The less
“spirit” and the more “matter” in contained the lower down it stood.
Elizabethan Theatre
Where were most theatres built? (In or
out of the city?) Why? Theatre started in Inn Yards
and there were about 500 people who came. Then theatres were built mostly out
of town to avoid the laws. Theatres were built in and around London. The
theatres could hold up to 3000 people. Theatres spread the bubonic plague very
easily because to audience were sitting very close together.
Why is the Globe theatre so famous? Most of Shakespeare’s plays were first performed at the globe and
Shakespeare helped construct the theatre.
What times of day were plays performed? Plays were performed at 3o’clock in the afternoon because there was
only natural light to see.
How was the audience notified of
performances? On the day of the performance flags
were erected which sometimes showed a picture advertising what the next show to
be performed would be.
Who played the female roles and why? During the Elizabethan
era only men were allowed to act in the theatre until 1660 - it was judged to
be unseemly for a woman to undertake such a role. Young boys were therefore
hired to act in the female roles.
What types of scenery and props were
used? Little props were used like swords, plate’s
platters and items that can be hand held. When
time went on bigger items were used like benches, beds, barrels, etc were used.
Describe the costumes the actors used. Costumes were fabulous vivid colours and extremely costly. The
costumes didn’t always match the correct period of play.
What other skills other than acting did
actors need? Actors needed to know how to sword
fight and falling convincingly because they had no stunt doubles.
What was the cost of standing room at
the globe? It would cost 1 penny to stand in the
pit and watch the show.
Who is Richard Burbage? Richard Burbage was and actor and theatre owner. He was born on the
6th January 1568 and died 13th March 1619.
Who were the King’s Men or Chamberlain’s
Men? The Kings Men was a company of actors to which
Shakespeare belonged through most of his career. Originally called
Chamberlain’s Men during the region of Queen Elizabeth. They came the King’s
Men in 1603 when King James ascended the throne and became the company’s
patron.
Pit: The
hole in front of and below the stage where the musicians sit.
Groundling: A
spectator or reader of inferior taste, such as a member of a theater audience
who traditionally stood in the pit beneath the
stage
Heavens: A
place regarded in various religions as the abode of God and the angels, and of
the good after death, often traditionally depicted as being above the sky.
Trap Door: A
hinged or removable panel in the floor.
Tiring House:
Tiring house is the area behind the stage in an Elizabethan public theatre,
where the actor dressed them self’s.
Customs and Family Life
Where did marriages take place in the
Elizabethan period? Marriage usually took place in
the local church. The girl became the boy’s property once married.
Why were marriage contracts arranged? Marriage contacts were arranged so that both families would benefit
financially and so that they could procreate. A marriage was also more likely a
business arrangement.
Who performed a marriage ceremony? A minister conducted the wedding ceremony.
What was the common age to marriage? The common age to marry was 21 although at the age of 12 it was
legal for girls to marry and 14 for boys.
What is betrothal? Betrothal is a neutral promise to marry.
What was the goal of a Renaissance
wedding? The goal of a renaissance wedding is to
gain money like a business.
Describe the common wedding attire
during this period. The bride would where her best
gown and a kirtle. The Bridegroom wore his best clothes, which consisted of a doublet,
breeches, hose, box pleated neck ruff and a codpiece.
Describe what food might be served at a
wedding feast. Exotic dishes like peacock were
eaten.
What was the status of women and what
types of work did women do? Elizabethan women were
subservient to men. They were dependent on their male relatives to support
them. They were used to forge alliances with other powerful families through
arranged marriages.